Geography

The NATURE - Fernando De Noronha has a tropical climate, with dry season marked and oceanic front, revealed in the small variation of the annual average temperature. The average Temperature is around 25,4°C, being the maximum average temperature of 31°C and the minimum average temperature of 18°C. The Southeast predominantly winds, blowing, have speed of about 24Km/h, giving a pleasant climatic sensation in the archipelago of Fernando de Noronha.

Formed from volcanic rocks, Fernando De Noronha have brown and colored coloration, with depth varied, predominantly argillaceous texture, with weak superficial draining and excellent fertility. The predominant vegetation in Fernando De Noronha is composed with species like subxerófilas of the type of the wasteland northeastern, that lose part of its foliage in the dry station. In the regions of the plateaux it can be found arbóreas species  extending to a relatively great areas in the southwestern part of the main island (Tip of the Low shoe) of Noronha. The original vegetation of the archipelago de Fernando de Noronha is called the Atlantic insular bush. The secondary vegetation among others, the following plants: kill-grass (Casssia sp), nut (Jatropha curcas), she-ass-Ieiteira (Sapium sceleratum), jurubeba (Solanum maculaturn), diverse capins, indigo of field (tinctoria Indigofora), mimosa (pudica Mimosa) and chumbinho (Lantana brasiliesis).

GEOLOGIC ORIGIN - Noronha is approximately 12 million years, of the deep one of the Atlantic Ocean, from a submerged mountain chain called Meso-Atlantic, initiated a series of volcanic eruptions, that had constituted with its lava an enormous mountain, whose top, is what we know as Femando de Noronha. The base of this mountain is 4000 meters depth and has a diameter of 60 km.

GEOGRAPHY - the archipelago of Noronha is 360 km from Natal, 710 km fromF ortaleza and 545 km From Recife. They are  21 islands or islets, with 26 total area of km2. The main ones are: 1, Femando de Noronha, that gives the name to the archipelago, has 17 km2 and is the only one that  is being regularly inhabited since the settling; 2, Rat, second in size, 8 km2, already was inhabited by fishermans and miners of fosfato; 3. It stamps Gineta; 4. Flat; 5, Island of the Way; 6. They are Josef, where the Portuguese colonizadores had constructed a fortaleza on its top; 7, Outside Mount  or Island of the Conceição; 8. Two Brothers; 9, Island of the Lion; 10, Island of the Viuvinha; II Island of the Hat; 12, Cabeluda; 13, Island of the Frade. Femando de Noronha has its bigger extension in the direction east-west, between the Pontal of the Macaxeira  (in the Island Rat), and the Tip of the Low shoe (in the main island), with about 15 km In the direction North-South highway, the archipelago of Noronha, in its bigger width, has approximately 4 km, in the central part of the main island.